biblia de ripoll

Isandlwana 1879 The great Zulu victory

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KADESH 1286 BC Egypt Attempts to take Syria

SINAI 1916-17 The fight for the Suez Canal

Roman Infantry Helmets

PRINCIPATE INFANTRY HELMETS IN USE

The helical frieze on Trajan’s Column depicts soldiers involved in construction work stacking some of their equipment (notably the pieces that would get in the way while working) nearby. The use of the curved, rectangular scutum made it possible to do this in a stable way that was not possible with oval shields. Placing the pilum behind the shield and then looping the helmet tie lace over this produced a convenient means of stacking equipment that also made for easy access in the event of an emergency. Presumably the tie lace was run from the loops under the neck guard and down to the hand grip of the shield where it could be secured with a slip knot. Cheek pieces seem to have been folded inside the helmet bowl in every case. Presumably, in high winds, the shield would be lain down with the helmet on top to keep it in place.

During the Early Principate, as neck guards grew larger, helmet carrying handles began to be attached. These were of a fairly uniform size, but were never large enough to fit an entire adult hand through. By inserting the three middle fingers through the loop and using the little finger and thumb resting against the neck guard, however, it was possible to steady the helmet while carrying it.

Tying the helmet to the shield hand grip is also suggested by the relief of three legionaries from Croy Hill, in which two of the three men have their helmets draped over the front of their shields, which rest by the left foot in each case. The third man wears his helmet on his chest, presumably having tied the lace around his neck. Again, in each case, the cheek pieces appear to have been folded within the helmet bowl. All three men wear paenulae over their mail armour, but only the centre man has a beard (fashionable in the Antonine period), which has sometimes led to suggestion that this man was the father of the two clean-shaven men on either side of him.

HÜRTGEN FOREST 1944 (1) The US First Army's Route to the Rhine

  

BERNARD MONTGOMERY

The battle of Alam Haifa

This illustration shows an 6-pdr anti-tank gun, crewed by the hard-pressed 1st Battalion The Rifles Brigade, busily firing at German tanks at the climactic moment of the engagement on 31 August 1942. This element of 22nd Armoured Brigade defended an area of low and broken ground at the foot of the Alam Haifa Ridge. The engagement began when Grant tanks belonging to the 3rd/4th City of London Yeomanry, dug in on the upper slopes, opened fire when the advancing enemy approached to within 1,000m. Within minutes, 12 Grants were 'brewed up' by German Mk IV Specials. The dug-in anti-tank guns held their fire until the advancing tanks were within a few hundred metres and then quickly destroyed 19 of them, although several gun positions were overrun. The now-disorganized enemy attack was finally halted by a defensive artillery barrage, and, just as the light failed, a counter-attack by the Royal Scots Greys forced them to withdraw.

Tac HQ - Tactical Headquarters

This illustration depicts Montgomery's tactical headquarters during Eighth Army's advance on Tripoli, with the three heavily camouflaged caravans used as his sleeping quarters, map room and office forming a backdrop. It shows Montgomery chatting with two key members of his personal staff: Brigadier Francis de Guingand, his long-serving chief of staff, and Brigadier Bill Williams, his chief of intelligence. Behind Montgomery stands his long-serving batman - Corporal English - who is holding two cups of tea for the visitors. The group is completed by two long-serving aides-de-camp - Captain Johnny Henderson, 12th Royal Lancers, and Captain John Poston MC, 11th Hussars (wearing his unit's distinctive headgear), who served with Monty from El Alamein onwards. Unfortunately Captain John Poston MC was tragically killed while serving as one of Montgomery's picked liaison officers only days before the end of the war in Europe when his jeep was ambushed in northern Germany. His death was a great personal blow to Montgomery, who wept openly at his funeral.

D-Day landings, 6 June 1944

The successful Allied landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944 owed much to Montgomery, who had turned the existing flawed plans into a practicable operation for war and improved the morale and overall combat effectiveness of Allied troops. This illustration depicts officers and men of No. 4 Commando disgorging from an LCA (Landing Craft, Assault) on the extreme left of Queen Red Beach, during the initial assault on Sword Beach. This elite unit, with two attached French troops from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando, was tasked with neutralizing key enemy defensive positions at the casino at Riva Bella and then a gun battery at Ouistreham. Following a brief hold-up, No. 4 Commando fought its way off the beach and onto the lateral road running behind the waterfront. The French Commandos led the advance into Ouistreham before successfully capturing the Casino strongpoint assisted by a Sherman DD tank. The men of No. 4 Commando assaulted the heavily fortified gun battery at the mouth of the river Orne as planned, but withdrew after discovering that the gun emplacements were empty.

Continental Soldier versus Hessian Soldier American Revolution 1775-83