A: HISPANIA
(1) Miles gregarius; Legio VII Gemina, AD 300–325This common soldier of Constantine’s army is based on a mosaic at Alter do Chão (Abelterium) and archaeological material from León. The helmet of Poitiers type has a crest attached to a frontal juba equina. The lorica segmentata, still being produced in the Iberian Peninsula, is of hybrid ‘Alba Iulia’ type, although the copper-alloy pectoral fastening plates are obscured here by his sagum. The system of suspending the spatha sword from a baldric lasted until at least AD 325.
(2) Tribunus; Lusitania, c.AD 350 This Roman officer is basically reconstructed from the same mosaic. He holds a pseudo-Attic helmet, and wears a galericulum cap shown in a hunting mosaic from Olmeda. His armour is a copper-alloy thorax heroikon with separate shoulder plates, worn over a rich subarmalis/thoracomacus with linen pteryges, and his ochrae greaves are of silvered
copper alloy. His sword is a magnificent parazonium represented in a mid-century sculpture from Alicante.
(3) Miles limitaneus; Carthaginiensis, AD 400–450 This trooper in eastern-central Hispania is dressed in a decorated long-sleeved tunic under a heavy cloak. He is armed with a long lancea, two venabula and a dagger of Simancas type in an impressive openwork sheath, and slung from his shoulder is the unique copper-alloy shield excavated at Tinto Juan de la Cruz. We take elements of his costume fittings and horse harness from the same site; note the horse’s rich collar, its tufa head decoration, and the ‘FV’ brand of a famous Hispanic horse-breeder.
(1) Miles gregarius; Legio VII Gemina, AD 300–325This common soldier of Constantine’s army is based on a mosaic at Alter do Chão (Abelterium) and archaeological material from León. The helmet of Poitiers type has a crest attached to a frontal juba equina. The lorica segmentata, still being produced in the Iberian Peninsula, is of hybrid ‘Alba Iulia’ type, although the copper-alloy pectoral fastening plates are obscured here by his sagum. The system of suspending the spatha sword from a baldric lasted until at least AD 325.
(2) Tribunus; Lusitania, c.AD 350 This Roman officer is basically reconstructed from the same mosaic. He holds a pseudo-Attic helmet, and wears a galericulum cap shown in a hunting mosaic from Olmeda. His armour is a copper-alloy thorax heroikon with separate shoulder plates, worn over a rich subarmalis/thoracomacus with linen pteryges, and his ochrae greaves are of silvered
copper alloy. His sword is a magnificent parazonium represented in a mid-century sculpture from Alicante.
(3) Miles limitaneus; Carthaginiensis, AD 400–450 This trooper in eastern-central Hispania is dressed in a decorated long-sleeved tunic under a heavy cloak. He is armed with a long lancea, two venabula and a dagger of Simancas type in an impressive openwork sheath, and slung from his shoulder is the unique copper-alloy shield excavated at Tinto Juan de la Cruz. We take elements of his costume fittings and horse harness from the same site; note the horse’s rich collar, its tufa head decoration, and the ‘FV’ brand of a famous Hispanic horse-breeder.
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