Nicopolis 1396. The last crusade

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Battle of Nicopolis (Bulgaria), 25 September 1396 (Crusaders under King Sigismund of Hungary is defeated by the Ottoman army under Bayezid I Yildirim). There had been disagreement among the Crusader leadership almost from the start. But when news of Bazezid's approach reached the army besieging Nicopolis, the French and Burgundian leaders ignored Sigismund's cautious advice and even accused the Hungarians of cowardice.

Battle of Nicopolis (Bulgaria), 25 September 1396 (Crusaders under King Sigismund of Hungary is defeated by the Ottoman army under Bayezid I Yildirim). A ferocious attack by the Franco-Burgundian division swept aside the akinci light cavalry skirmishers. But when the knights also broke through the Ottoman field fortifications and infantry it looked as if Bayezid's plan might fail. Illustration by Christa Hook.

Battle of Nicopolis (Bulgaria), 25 September 1396 (Crusaders under King Sigismund of Hungary is defeated by the Ottoman army under Bayezid I Yildirim). When King Sigismund's division moved forward it broke the re-formed Ottoman infantry and was charged by Ottoman sipahî provincial cavalry. At this point Stefan Lazarevic and his Serbs smashed into the Hungarians' rear or flank, overthrowing Sigismund's banner.

Battle of Nicopolis (Bulgaria), 25 September 1396 (Crusaders under King Sigismund of Hungary is defeated by the Ottoman army under Bayezid I Yildirim). At first the Hungarian retreat was in good order but once it became clear that there were not enough boats for everyone to escape, panic set in. Among those who tried to clamber aboard ship was the Polish knight Swantoslaus of Siradiensi. The crew cut at his hands and he eventually had to swim across the Danube.